HBA full form in medical term is Hemoglobin, commonly known as hemoglobin A1 or adult hemoglobin. In adults, the normal HbA encompasses two a chains and two b chains. Each a chain consists of 141 amino acids, whereas each b chain comprises 146 amino acids. Known as an oxygen-binding protein, hemoglobin is available in erythrocytes, which carry breathing air from the lungs to the tissues.
This tetrameric protein contains a heme prosthetic group incorporated into each subunit. It helps to carry breathing air from the lungs throughout the body in the form of oxyhemoglobin and is a respiratory pigment. Some amount of carbon dioxide is taken back through the hemoglobin.
The main role of hemoglobin is to carry and transport oxygen to many tissues. Because of the transition between the high oxygen affinity R state and the low oxygen affinity taste, the release and binding of Hb to the inhaled air occur in the tissues and lungs.
Hemoglobin A is the most common variety of Haemoglobin available in adults. It is a blend of two beta and two alpha chains. Having a deficiency of hemoglobin is because by nutritional deficiency, cancer, genetic defects, and kidney failure.