The full form of GNB in medical term is “Gram-negative bacteria.”
The composition of their cell walls distinguishes a class of bacteria known as gram-negative bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria exist in many settings, including water, soil, and the human gastrointestinal tract. The capability of Gram-negative bacteria to secrete proteins into their surroundings is one of their distinctive characteristics. These proteins could be utilised for several activities, such as nutrition uptake, bacterial defence, and pathogenicity.
These bacteria contain an inner membrane and an outer membrane that is enclosed by a thin coating of peptidoglycan. Lipopolysaccharides comprising the outer membrane could be hazardous to people and other animals.
The ability of Gram-negative bacteria to withstand antibiotics is a crucial trait. It is partly because of their outer membrane, which can stop antibiotics from entering the cell. Gram-negative microorganisms are critical components of many ecosystems, including the human body. They could be found in the gut, aiding nutrition, digestion and absorption.
Several species are helpful and necessary for our survival, while others could harm other animals and us. Gram-negative bacteria could also cause serious illnesses, including meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis.