The full form of HOA in medical term is “Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy.”
Hypertrophic Osteoarthropathy (HOA) is a rare condition affecting bones, joints, and skin. Painful and swollen joints, clubbing of the fingers and toes, and skin thickening in affected areas characterize this condition.
HOA can occur as a primary or secondary condition. Primary HOA is inherited, while an underlying medical condition, such as lung cancer, heart disease, liver disease, or inflammatory bowel disease, causes secondary HOA. In cases of secondary HOA, the condition typically improves once the underlying medical condition is treated.
Symptoms of HOA typically include joint pain and swelling, clubbing of the fingers and toes, and thickening of the skin in affected areas, such as the wrists, ankles, and knees. Sometimes, patients may also experience fever, weight loss, and fatigue.
The diagnosis of HOA is based on a physical examination, medical history, blood tests and imaging tests, such as X-rays or MRI scans.
Treatment for HOA is focused on managing the symptoms and underlying medical conditions. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may be prescribed to manage pain and swelling, while physical therapy can help to improve joint mobility and strength. In few cases, surgery might be necessary to correct joint deformities.
The exact cause of HOA is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to increased blood flow and growth factors in the affected areas. It leads to thickening skin and bone growth in the joints, which can cause pain and discomfort.